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The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) was formed in 1945 by
atomic scientists from the Manhattan Project who felt that scientists, engineers and
other innovators had an ethical obligation to bring their knowledge and experience to
bear on critical national decisions, especially pertaining to the technology they
unleashed - the Atomic Bomb.
Endorsed by 67 Nobel Laureates in chemistry, economics, medicine and physics, FAS
addresses a broad spectrum of issues in carrying out its mission to promote
humanitarian uses of science and technology. FAS members build on an honorable
history of insisting that rational, evidence-based arguments be heard.
Today, FAS continues its exemplary 60-year record of achieving meaningful results in
strategic security with research and education projects in nuclear arms control and
global security; conventional arms transfers; proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction; information technology for human health; and government information
policy.
atomic scientists from the Manhattan Project who felt that scientists, engineers and
other innovators had an ethical obligation to bring their knowledge and experience to
bear on critical national decisions, especially pertaining to the technology they
unleashed - the Atomic Bomb.
Endorsed by 67 Nobel Laureates in chemistry, economics, medicine and physics, FAS
addresses a broad spectrum of issues in carrying out its mission to promote
humanitarian uses of science and technology. FAS members build on an honorable
history of insisting that rational, evidence-based arguments be heard.
Today, FAS continues its exemplary 60-year record of achieving meaningful results in
strategic security with research and education projects in nuclear arms control and
global security; conventional arms transfers; proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction; information technology for human health; and government information
policy.
A Military Guide
to Terrorism in
the Twenty-First
Century The
handbook is a high level
terrorism primer that
includes an overview of
the history of terrorism,
descriptions of terrorist
behaviors and
motivations, a review of
terrorist group
organizations, and the
threat posed to our
forces, both in the
United States and
overseas. Additionally, it
to Terrorism in
the Twenty-First
Century The
handbook is a high level
terrorism primer that
includes an overview of
the history of terrorism,
descriptions of terrorist
behaviors and
motivations, a review of
terrorist group
organizations, and the
threat posed to our
forces, both in the
United States and
overseas. Additionally, it
provides information on the various terrorist groups, the
terrorist planning cycle, operations and tactics, firearms
used by terrorists, improvised explosive devices,
conventional munitions used by terrorists, and a discussion
on weapons of mass destruction. The manual is designed to
be used to help train and educate personnel on terrorism
and assist units in recognizing the threat they face in
planning for operations, both in the Continental United
States and overseas.
terrorist planning cycle, operations and tactics, firearms
used by terrorists, improvised explosive devices,
conventional munitions used by terrorists, and a discussion
on weapons of mass destruction. The manual is designed to
be used to help train and educate personnel on terrorism
and assist units in recognizing the threat they face in
planning for operations, both in the Continental United
States and overseas.
CDI - Center for Defense Information CDI's Terrorism Program is designed to provide insights, in-depth analysis
and facts on the military, security and foreign policy challenges as the United States, and the world, faces terrorism. The
project will look at all aspects of fighting terrorism, from near-term issues of response and defense, to long-term questions
about how the United States should shape its future international security strategy.
and facts on the military, security and foreign policy challenges as the United States, and the world, faces terrorism. The
project will look at all aspects of fighting terrorism, from near-term issues of response and defense, to long-term questions
about how the United States should shape its future international security strategy.
General Information about Terrorism
Explosions
Biological Threats
Chemical Threats
Nuclear Blast
Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD)
Homeland Security Advisory System
Explosions
Biological Threats
Chemical Threats
Nuclear Blast
Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD)
Homeland Security Advisory System
Recent technological advances and ongoing international
political unrest are components of the increased risk to
national security.
political unrest are components of the increased risk to
national security.
FEMA has more than 2,600 full time employees. They work at FEMA headquarters in Washington D.C., at regional and area
offices across the country, the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center, and the National Emergency Training Center
in Emmitsburg, Maryland. FEMA also has nearly 4,000 standby disaster assistance employees who are available for
deployment after disasters. Often FEMA works in partnership with other organizations that are part of the nation's
emergency management system. These partners include state and local emergency management agencies, 27 federal
agencies and the American Red Cross.
offices across the country, the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center, and the National Emergency Training Center
in Emmitsburg, Maryland. FEMA also has nearly 4,000 standby disaster assistance employees who are available for
deployment after disasters. Often FEMA works in partnership with other organizations that are part of the nation's
emergency management system. These partners include state and local emergency management agencies, 27 federal
agencies and the American Red Cross.
CATO Institute Since the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, Cato Institute scholars have published
a series of articles examining various issues, ranging from military strategy to civil liberties to the economic and political
impact of the attacks.
a series of articles examining various issues, ranging from military strategy to civil liberties to the economic and political
impact of the attacks.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is one of the 13 major operating components of
the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Since it was founded in 1946 to help control malaria, CDC has remained at the forefront of public health efforts to prevent
and control infectious and chronic diseases, injuries, workplace hazards, disabilities, and environmental health threats.
Today, CDC is globally recognized for conducting research and investigations and for its action oriented approach. CDC
applies research and findings to improve people’s daily lives and responds to health emergencies—something that
distinguishes CDC from its peer agencies.
Working with states and other partners, CDC provides a system of health surveillance to monitor and prevent disease
outbreaks (including bioterrorism), implement disease prevention strategies, and maintain national health statistics. CDC
also guards against international disease transmission, with personnel stationed in more than 25 foreign countries.
the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Since it was founded in 1946 to help control malaria, CDC has remained at the forefront of public health efforts to prevent
and control infectious and chronic diseases, injuries, workplace hazards, disabilities, and environmental health threats.
Today, CDC is globally recognized for conducting research and investigations and for its action oriented approach. CDC
applies research and findings to improve people’s daily lives and responds to health emergencies—something that
distinguishes CDC from its peer agencies.
Working with states and other partners, CDC provides a system of health surveillance to monitor and prevent disease
outbreaks (including bioterrorism), implement disease prevention strategies, and maintain national health statistics. CDC
also guards against international disease transmission, with personnel stationed in more than 25 foreign countries.
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) Founded in 1996, the International Policy
Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) is the leading academic institute for counter-terrorism in the world, facilitating
international cooperation in the global struggle against terrorism. ICT is an independent think tank providing expertise in
terrorism, counter-terrorism, homeland security, threat vulnerability and risk assessment, intelligence analysis and national
security and defense policy.
Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) is the leading academic institute for counter-terrorism in the world, facilitating
international cooperation in the global struggle against terrorism. ICT is an independent think tank providing expertise in
terrorism, counter-terrorism, homeland security, threat vulnerability and risk assessment, intelligence analysis and national
security and defense policy.
The MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base (TKB) is the one-stop resource for comprehensive research and
analysis on global terrorist incidents, terrorism-related court cases, and terrorist groups and leaders. TKB covers the
history, affiliations, locations, and tactics of terrorist groups operating across the world, with over 35 years of terrorism
incident data and hundreds of group and leader profiles and trials. TKB also features interactive maps, statistical
summaries, and analytical tools that can create custom graphs and tables.
Providing in-depth information for researchers, policymakers, emergency responders, and the general public, the
Terrorism Knowledge Base integrates data from the RAND Terrorism Chronology and RAND-MIPT Terrorism Incident
databases; the Terrorism Indictment database; and DFI International's research on terrorist organizations.
analysis on global terrorist incidents, terrorism-related court cases, and terrorist groups and leaders. TKB covers the
history, affiliations, locations, and tactics of terrorist groups operating across the world, with over 35 years of terrorism
incident data and hundreds of group and leader profiles and trials. TKB also features interactive maps, statistical
summaries, and analytical tools that can create custom graphs and tables.
Providing in-depth information for researchers, policymakers, emergency responders, and the general public, the
Terrorism Knowledge Base integrates data from the RAND Terrorism Chronology and RAND-MIPT Terrorism Incident
databases; the Terrorism Indictment database; and DFI International's research on terrorist organizations.
The Counter-Terrorism Page Since 1995 The Counter-Terrorism Page has been a resource to those studying
Terrorism. Our approach is to be free from hyperbole and hype, and focused on presenting the tools and information that is
sought by professionals and academics.
Unaffiliated with any government or NGO, we attempt to provide a balanced resource. The only objective is to provide an
environment that stimulates a spirited, thoughtful, and balanced context to examine terrorism. Not to point out the virtues
or failings of any individual or group.
Terrorism. Our approach is to be free from hyperbole and hype, and focused on presenting the tools and information that is
sought by professionals and academics.
Unaffiliated with any government or NGO, we attempt to provide a balanced resource. The only objective is to provide an
environment that stimulates a spirited, thoughtful, and balanced context to examine terrorism. Not to point out the virtues
or failings of any individual or group.
Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) The Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) strives to combat
the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by training the next generation of nonproliferation specialists and
disseminating timely information and analysis. CNS at the Monterey Institute of International Studies is the largest
nongovernmental organization in the United States devoted exclusively to research and training on nonproliferation
issues.
the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by training the next generation of nonproliferation specialists and
disseminating timely information and analysis. CNS at the Monterey Institute of International Studies is the largest
nongovernmental organization in the United States devoted exclusively to research and training on nonproliferation
issues.
RAND Corporation For over 30 years, RAND has been a world leader in terrorism research and analysis. As a public
service, RAND disseminates all unclassified research as printed documents or online. Much of this research is managed by
the Homeland Security program of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment.
service, RAND disseminates all unclassified research as printed documents or online. Much of this research is managed by
the Homeland Security program of RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment.
Federal Bureau of Investigation Today, the FBI is part of a vast national and international campaign dedicated to
defeating terrorism. Working hand-in-hand with partners in law enforcement, intelligence, the military, and diplomatic
circles, our job is to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives here in the U.S. and to help dismantle terrorist networks
worldwide.
defeating terrorism. Working hand-in-hand with partners in law enforcement, intelligence, the military, and diplomatic
circles, our job is to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives here in the U.S. and to help dismantle terrorist networks
worldwide.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ((NATO) The Alliances 1999 Strategic Concept already identified terrorism
as one of the risks affecting NATOs security. The Alliances response to September 11, however, saw NATO engage actively
in the fight against terrorism, launch its first operations outside Europe and begin a far-reaching transformation of its
capabilities.
as one of the risks affecting NATOs security. The Alliances response to September 11, however, saw NATO engage actively
in the fight against terrorism, launch its first operations outside Europe and begin a far-reaching transformation of its
capabilities.
Terrorism Research Center, Inc. (TRC) Founded in 1996, the Terrorism Research Center, Inc. (TRC) is an
independent institute dedicated to the research of terrorism, information warfare and security, critical infrastructure
protection, homeland security, and other issues of low-intensity political violence and gray-area phenomena.
independent institute dedicated to the research of terrorism, information warfare and security, critical infrastructure
protection, homeland security, and other issues of low-intensity political violence and gray-area phenomena.
Department of Homeland Security The National Strategy for Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Act
of 2002 served to mobilize and organize our nation to secure the homeland from terrorist attacks. This exceedingly
complex mission requires a focused effort from our entire society if we are to be successful. To this end, one primary
reason for the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security was to provide the unifying core for the vast national
network of organizations and institutions involved in efforts to secure our nation. In order to better do this and to provide
guidance to the 180,000 DHS men and women who work every day on this important task, the Department developed its
own high-level strategic plan. The vision and mission statements, strategic goals and objectives provide the framework
guiding the actions that make up the daily operations of the department.
of 2002 served to mobilize and organize our nation to secure the homeland from terrorist attacks. This exceedingly
complex mission requires a focused effort from our entire society if we are to be successful. To this end, one primary
reason for the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security was to provide the unifying core for the vast national
network of organizations and institutions involved in efforts to secure our nation. In order to better do this and to provide
guidance to the 180,000 DHS men and women who work every day on this important task, the Department developed its
own high-level strategic plan. The vision and mission statements, strategic goals and objectives provide the framework
guiding the actions that make up the daily operations of the department.
9-11 Commission The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, an independent, bipartisan
commission created by congressional legislation and the signature of President George W. Bush in late 2002, is chartered
to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks,
including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also mandated to provide
recommendations designed to guard against future attacks.
commission created by congressional legislation and the signature of President George W. Bush in late 2002, is chartered
to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks,
including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also mandated to provide
recommendations designed to guard against future attacks.
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Economic Costs to the United States
Stemming From the 9/11 Attacks
Strategic Insights, Volume I, Issue 6 (August 2002)
Stemming From the 9/11 Attacks
Strategic Insights, Volume I, Issue 6 (August 2002)
Strategic Insights is a monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for
Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey,
California. The views expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
Government.
Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey,
California. The views expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
Government.
Introduction
Like all major disasters, natural or manmade, the terrorist attacks of September
11 resulted in a tragic loss of life and destruction of property, as well as short-term
disruption of economic activity. In addition, because of the size and premeditated
nature of the attack, there are likely to be more lasting effects in some industries
and segments of the U.S. economy.
Conceptually, the economic costs to the United States stemming from the 9/11
terrorist attacks can be broken down into several categories, largely depending on
their nature (direct and indirect) and on the time period examined (immediate,
short-term, medium-term and long-term). Those costs that are short run and
direct are clearly the easiest to identify and measure. Estimates covering longer
periods of time and focused mainly on indirect costs require numerous
assumptions concerning counterfactuals and hence are on less firm ground.
Another area of controversy involves the anthrax scare following the attacks. The
estimates below treat this as a separate event, although in some of the indirect
cost estimates this factor may have had an influence.
Immediate and Short Term Direct Impacts
The September 11 attacks inflicted casualties and material damages on a far
greater scale than any other terrorist aggression in recent history. Lower
Manhattan lost approximately 30 percent of its office space and a number of
businesses ceased to exist. Close to 200,000 jobs were destroyed or relocated
out of New York City, at least temporarily. The destruction of physical assets was
estimated in the national accounts to amount to $14 billion for private businesses,
$1.5 billion for state and local government enterprises and $0.7 billion for federal
enterprises. Rescue, cleanup and related costs have been estimated to amount
to at least $11 billion for a total direct cost of $27.2 billion.
Immediate and Short Term Indirect Impacts
Immediately after the attacks, leading forecast services sharply revised downward
their projections of economic activity. The consensus forecast for U.S. real GDP
growth was instantly downgraded by 0.5 percentage points for 2001 and 1.2
percentage points for 2002. The implied projected cumulative loss in national
income... Read the rest of this article
Like all major disasters, natural or manmade, the terrorist attacks of September
11 resulted in a tragic loss of life and destruction of property, as well as short-term
disruption of economic activity. In addition, because of the size and premeditated
nature of the attack, there are likely to be more lasting effects in some industries
and segments of the U.S. economy.
Conceptually, the economic costs to the United States stemming from the 9/11
terrorist attacks can be broken down into several categories, largely depending on
their nature (direct and indirect) and on the time period examined (immediate,
short-term, medium-term and long-term). Those costs that are short run and
direct are clearly the easiest to identify and measure. Estimates covering longer
periods of time and focused mainly on indirect costs require numerous
assumptions concerning counterfactuals and hence are on less firm ground.
Another area of controversy involves the anthrax scare following the attacks. The
estimates below treat this as a separate event, although in some of the indirect
cost estimates this factor may have had an influence.
Immediate and Short Term Direct Impacts
The September 11 attacks inflicted casualties and material damages on a far
greater scale than any other terrorist aggression in recent history. Lower
Manhattan lost approximately 30 percent of its office space and a number of
businesses ceased to exist. Close to 200,000 jobs were destroyed or relocated
out of New York City, at least temporarily. The destruction of physical assets was
estimated in the national accounts to amount to $14 billion for private businesses,
$1.5 billion for state and local government enterprises and $0.7 billion for federal
enterprises. Rescue, cleanup and related costs have been estimated to amount
to at least $11 billion for a total direct cost of $27.2 billion.
Immediate and Short Term Indirect Impacts
Immediately after the attacks, leading forecast services sharply revised downward
their projections of economic activity. The consensus forecast for U.S. real GDP
growth was instantly downgraded by 0.5 percentage points for 2001 and 1.2
percentage points for 2002. The implied projected cumulative loss in national
income... Read the rest of this article
Tatalovich & Associates - Tatalovich & Associates is a full service security, investigation and consulting firm which
was founded in 1968 as Tatt Companies International. While most firms offer one or the other service, Tatalovich is unique
in that our associates are both investigators and security experts. We provide professional representation and specialized
expertise encompassing a wide range of diverse services. We are committed to a thirty three year tradition of providing
personalized service to achieve our client's personal, business and corporate needs. As a mid-sized firm, Tatalovich &
Associates is committed to providing quality services throughout the Continental United States and select foreign
countries. We have positioned the firm to meet the complex technical and electronic challenges of the twenty-first
century. While we are large enough to offer full diversity, we are small enough to maintain a personal relationship with our
clients. We are committed to using our talent, resources, and over one hundred ninety years of combined experience in
seeking the truth and presenting the facts.
was founded in 1968 as Tatt Companies International. While most firms offer one or the other service, Tatalovich is unique
in that our associates are both investigators and security experts. We provide professional representation and specialized
expertise encompassing a wide range of diverse services. We are committed to a thirty three year tradition of providing
personalized service to achieve our client's personal, business and corporate needs. As a mid-sized firm, Tatalovich &
Associates is committed to providing quality services throughout the Continental United States and select foreign
countries. We have positioned the firm to meet the complex technical and electronic challenges of the twenty-first
century. While we are large enough to offer full diversity, we are small enough to maintain a personal relationship with our
clients. We are committed to using our talent, resources, and over one hundred ninety years of combined experience in
seeking the truth and presenting the facts.